A cradle-to-cradle life cycle analysis based on primary data for construction with concrete additive manufacturing with respect to existing solutions and the potential effect of low-pH fibre reinforced material.

Design with sustainability in mind and implement sustainable design practices and focus on energy efficiency, waste reduction, and use of renewable energy sources. Incorporating resilience and adaptability, considering factors like local climate and conditions. Designing for disassembly and recycling to embrace circular economy principles. Apply the values of aesthetics and universal design to create visually appealing, harmonious nature-inspired architecture. Involvement of potential residents in the design process within mass customization concept to create a sense of belonging and enhance individualization, diversity and accessibility.

An accurate digital representation of the AM process is necessary to provide a foundation for the architectural design tool that conforms to the manufacturing constraints. This digital twin will build on both physics-based simulations of the material properties and structural characteristics, and data-driven modelling of sensor data collected during manufacturing. Novel neural field representations modelling both geometry and physical characteristics will be central to the digital twin.

Development of architectural design tool based on the process of digital twin. The tool must offer intuitive approaches to exploring the design space offered by the technology. This will involve combining traditional approaches to macro-geometry design with novel computational design approaches enabled by the digital twin representation. This includes neural shape optimization via boundary sensitivity and natural language interfaces via language embeddings

The architectural design method will be derived from the premise of mass customization. User groups living in various European countries/regions have different formal and functional requirements. Using 3DCP technology as a vehicle for mass customization allows for adapting architectural solutions (building structure elements, details, predefined functional sets, etc.) to the local conditions. This may concern building code, climate, program and building culture, as well as end-user individual needs 3DCP paired with advanced parametric modelling makes it more feasible to customize architectural elements efficiently and cost-effectively. The possible operation directly on the construction site further increases cost efficiency and adaptability.

Adapting the existing low alkali (low pH) concrete to extrudable concrete by developing recipes considering feasibility, potential rheological properties, mechanical properties, and durability. Verifying concrete recipes with laboratory testing from the printed test element. Building multi-physics numerical models to assist further design.

Integration of fibres of recycled Al (primarily) and/or alternative waste, such as recycled glass-, or carbon fibres from discarded wind turbine blades, and other alkali/pH-sensitive fibres.

The behavior of the developed material may be significantly different in lab-scale and actual production scale. It is therefore important to test the material in production equipment, and to ensure that adequate production rates are achievable.